CNC machining (Computer Numerical Control)

CNC machining (Computer Numerical Control) is the automated control of various tools by a computer program. These tools could be drills, grinders, lathes, and more, including 3D printers. CNC machining was created to automate the use of these tools that would previously be done manually to increase the accuracy and speed of creating parts and prototypes. They are used in many sectors, including the aerospace and automotive industries.

CNC machines receive their instructions via computer software, and these instructions control the position of the tool on the X and Y axes, usually with a separate control mechanism for the Z axis. All this is done via the use of electric motors, such as stepper and servo motors, within the machine. CNC machines can be used in both additive manufacturing, which is dominated by 3D printers, and, more commonly, subtractive manufacturing.

CNC machines usually come in large enclosures and, due to the kind of tools being used, have extensive safety systems in place. They can be very expensive and often slow to configure when setting up for the production of a new part; however, once setup, parts can be created very quickly when compared to previous manual control. CAD software is often used when designing new parts, and once completed, these can then be turned into reality with the CNC machine.

For more information regarding CNC machining, please see this comprehensive article on Wikipedia.